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The Differences between Party-centered Campaigns in Europe and Candidate Centered Campaigns in the United States
Introduction
It can not be disputed that the nature of election around the globe has undergone innumerable changes. Campaigns are an important aspect of the elections and they take up a significant amount of resources as well as time. Different countries undertake varied approaches to this although they are basically aligned to their respective democracies. There are inherent differences between the mode of election campaign in Europe and the one adopted in the United States. While the former adopts a party oriented type of campaign, the latter employs a candidate oriented campaign strategy.
A candidate centered campaigns is usually entirely directed by the candidate vying for the particular post. All activities that range from advertising to actual campaigns are carried out by the individual. S/he achieves this through the establishment of a distinct staff that helps the same to carry out the activities with ease. In this case, the individual is usually in full control of all activities that pertain to the campaign of the elections. A party centered campaign on the other hand is entirely directed by the management or leadership of the party organization. These are responsible for making vital decisions about the campaign of the elections and simply dictate the same to the candidate. Thus unlike party centered campaigns; parties in candidate centered campaigns do not have any form of control over their candidates.
Party centered campaigns can be considered to be more objective than the candidate centered campaigns. This is because in the former, the candidate is expected to further the interests of the party that are arrived at conclusively. This is unlike the candidate centered approach where the respective candidate can decide to incorporate personal and subjective issues in the campaigns. Moreover, this subjectivity stems from the fact that the candidate establishes personal relations with different parties when sourcing for election funds. Notably, possibilities for subjectivity are eliminated in party centered campaigns as the respective party sources for vital resources.
Over time, the electoral system of the United State s has taken significant measures that have seen the campaign system move towards the party oriented approach. The first step was to consolidate the political parties in two main groups. This was important as it ensures a closer relationship between the candidates, voters and the party. This close relationship is imperative in eliminating subjective decisions that are typical of candidate centered campaigns. Most recently, the electoral system has initiated party-centered campaigns in congressional e lections. This exposes the candidates to a party oriented approach and ca n be posited to be influential in national elections too.
Conclusion
The nature of election campaigns differs considerably across the globe. Countries tend to adopt approaches that are in line with their legal and democratic provisions. Party centered campaigns are adopted in Europe and are different from the candidate centered campaigns that are adopted in the United States. In particular, while candidates in the former rely o n the decision made by the party management or leadership, the candidates in the latter employ personal decisions. Further, unlike party centered campaigns that are objective, candidate centered campaigns can be posited to be subjective. This is influenced by the nature of decision making that the two parties employ.
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